Term: isomerase
Literally meaning: “separating
isomers”
Origin: Anc Greek
/éσος/isos(=equal)
+μέρος/meros(=part)
-άση/-asy(=-ase) suffix added to the name of
the substrate that the enzyme hydrolyzes
eg proteinase for protein or lipase for lipids
>διά-/dia-(=prefix denoting “through”, “apart” )
> δυο/dio(two) + στάσις/stasis(=halt)
> ίστημι/histimi(=stand).
Coined/History
The
isomerism was first noticed in 1827, when Friedrich Woehler prepared cyanic
acid and noted that although its elemental composition was identical to
fulminic acid its properties were different. The term “isomerism” coined in
1830, by Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius(1779-1848) who wrote “those
bodies that have the same composition but different properties”. Louis
Pasteur (1822-1895) in 1848 separated racemic acid into its two optically
active tartaric acid components by crystallization. The first documented occurrence
of isomerase was shown by Meyerhof and Kiessling (1935) for reaction: Glyceraldehyde
phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Sources
1. J.J. Berzelius (1831) “Über die Zusammensetzung der Weinsäure und
Traubensäure (John's säure aus den Voghesen), über das Atomengewicht des
Bleioxyds, nebst allgemeinen Bemerkungen über solche Körper, die gleiche Zusammensetzung,
aber ungleiche Eigenschaften besitzen," Annalen der Physik und Chemie, vol.
19, pages 305–335;
2. MEYERHOF, 0. 1935 tVber die Kinetick der
umkehrbaren Reaktion zwischen Hexosediphosphorsaure und
Dioxyacetonphosphorsaure. Biochem. Z.,277: 77-96.
Definition
Isomerases
are the enzymes that catalyze the structural rearrangement of isomers (molecules
with mirror-image relation) such as isomerase that converts L-alanine to
D-alanine or the Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase that converts
glucose-6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis. They have the EC
classification as EC 5.
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