Term: lyophilisation
or lyophilisation
Literally meaning: “solvent-loving process"
or “process for loving dry state”
Origin: Anc Greek
λύω/leo (=to break up, to dissolve)
+φιλέω/phileo ( “to love”, “to kiss”, “to have tenderness for”)
> πίλναμαι/pilnamai(=contact, approach)
Coined/History
Freeze-drying procedure has been traced back to prehistory, when Eskimo preserved fish
by dehydration in the cold Arctic
winds. Ancient Peruvian Incas placed
their potatoes and other crops above Machu Picchu where the temperature and
atmospheric pressure are low. They placed their products in cold climates to
freeze at night and then in the day it would evaporate. In medicine Altmann
used freeze-drying for the preparation of histological sections as early as
1980. Shackell independently rediscovered the technique in 1909 for the
preservation of biologicals as he realised that the material had to be frozen
before commercing the drying process. The industrial applications of
freeze-drying do not appear to have been appreciated prior to patients of Tival
in 1927.
L.R. Rey is attributed with the term
lyophilisation in 1976, by taking into
account the porous nature of the dried product and its “lyophil” characteristic
to rapidly reabsorb the solvent and restore the substance.
Source
R. Altman, Die Elementarorganis men u. ihre Bezehungen zu den Zellen, 2nd
Ed Leipzig (1894)
L.D. Shackell, An Improved Method of of Desccation, With Some
Applications to Biological Problems Am J Physiol 24 (1909) 325-340.
L.R Rey, International Symposium on Lyophilization of Biological
Products. Washington, C.C. (1976)
Definition
Lyophilization is the procedure
of dehydration (water removal) of products by rapid freezing under a vacuum. One of its
application is the stability of dried product for long time without destroying
their physical structure.
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ReplyDeleteGreat information..using it for teaching!
ReplyDeleteLyophilisation of Theileria parva sporozoite stabilates used for immunisation of cattle against East Coast fever would greatly improve vaccine storage and delivery. We report three attempts to lyophilise and resuscitate the sporozoites of T. parva. Sporozoites survived lyophilisation and were effective for immunisation. Lyophilised stabilate survived for 2 weeks at 5 degrees C and for 12 weeks at -20 degrees C. Lyophilized Products Manufactuer in India are the viability of the stabilates was severely reduced during lyophilisation, this work suggests that this method has potential and should be considered for other Apicomplexan parasites such as Babesia sp. or Plasmodium sp.
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