hyperhidrosis

Term: hyperhidrosis

Literally meaning: “excess sweating”

Origin: Anc Greek
υπέρ-/hyper-(= prefix meaning something is excessive, above normal)
+ύδωρ/ hidor (=νερό)
-οσις/-osis (=suffix meaning “condition” or “state”)

Coined/History
Maillard et al coined the term “primary extensive hyperhidrosis” for those patients with at least three sites of excessive sweating, including both “typical” (hands and feet) and “unusual” sites (trunk and groin)
Source
Maillard H, Fenot M, Bara C, Célérier P. Therapeutic value of moderate-dose oxybutynin in extensive hyperhidrosis. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2011;138(10):652–6.

Definition
Hyperhidrosis is the condition  which is characterized by excess sweating caused by an other medical condition (secondary generalized)  or  run in families without any obvious cause (primary focal). The most common sites of primary hyperhidrosis are the palms of the hands, axillae, palms of the hands, soles of the feet and cranio-facial region;

cranium

Term: cranium

Origin: Anc Greek

 κρανίον/cranion(=skull)

>κραναός/cranaos(=rocky, hard, rough)

Definition

The cranium is one of the two parts of the skull; the other is the mandible. Animals that have skulls are called  craniates.

myoclonus

Term: myoclonus

Literally meaning: “muscle agitation”

Origin: Anc Greek

myo-> μυο-/myo-(=comping form meaning muscle) > μυς/mys/ (=muscle)

> μύω/myo(=enclosed like the muscle inside body or rat in its nest=epimys)

-clonus> κλονώ/clono(=unsettle, shake)

Coined/History

Nikolaus Friedreich (1825-1882) described in 1881 the “paramyoclonus multiplex”  for a sporadic non progressive form of myoclonus and 10 years later Heinrich Unverricht (1853 - 1912) described “the familial myoclonic epilepsy”.

R Guerrini et al, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, 2002 Cambridge University Press

 

Definition

Myoclonus is a  symptom of heterogeneous group of diseases which is characterized by a brief and sudden involuntary jerking or t twitching of a muscle or group of muscles.

posthitis

Term: posthitis

Literally meaning: “inflammation of foreskin”

Origin: Anc Greek

 πόσθη(αρχ ελλ)/posthi(=penile skin)

+(-ίτις)/-ιτις (=-itis, suffix meaning “pertaining to” or “inflammation”.) It is in feminine Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Inflammation of prepuce (foreskin)

acroposthion

Term: acroposthion

Literally meaning: “foreskin tip”

Origin: Anc Greek

(άκρο-)(acro-) (αρχ ελλ> (rhizo-)(=root)

+ πόσθη(αρχ ελλ)/posthi(=penile skin)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

The  part of the skin which covers the head of the penis otherwise foreskin or prepuce.

rhizomelia

Term: rhizomelia

Literally meaning: “roots of limbs”

Origin: Anc Greek

(ρίζο-) (αρχ ελλ> (rhizo-)(=root)

μέλος(αρχ ελλ)/melos(=limb)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

A situation referring  to hip or shoulder joints resulting to abnormal  growth of limbs.

angioscotometry

Term: angioscotometry

Literally meaning: “measurement of vessel’s darkness”

Origin: Anc Greek

αγγείο/aggio (=vessel, receptacle) > άγγος/aggos(=tube)

+σκότος/scotos(=darkness) > σκιά/scia(shadow)

+(-μετρία)/(-metry) (= suffix forming nouns relating measures and measurement)> μέτρον/metron (=measurement)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Angioscotometry is the measurement of  an angioscotoma.

angioscopy

Term: angioscopy

Literally meaning: “examination of vessel”

Origin: Anc Greek

αγγείο/aggio (=vessel, receptacle) > άγγος/aggos(=tube)

+ σκοπός/scopos(=aim, look at)

Coined/History

The first record for a successful angioscopy was by surgeons during operations carried out at about 1970, that of percutaneous angioscopy dating from 1984.

Definition

Angioscopy is a technique for visualizing the lumen of a blood vessels by using fiberoptic catheter. 

angioscotoma

Term: angioscotoma

Literally meaning: “dark by vessels"

Origin: Anc Greek

αγγείο/angio (=vessel, receptacle) > άγγος/aggos(=tube)

+σκότος/scotos(=darkness) > σκιά/scia(shadow)

Coined/History

Von Helmholtz in 1924 discovered that the retinal blood vessels give rise to scotomas in the visual fields. In 1926 later Evans coined the word “angioscotomas” in order to refer to the visual defects resulting from retinal blood vessels.

Source

1. Evans JN (1926) Angioscotometry. Am J Ophthalmol 9:489–506.

2. Evans JN (1938) An introduction to clinical scotometry. New Have

Definition

Angioscotoma is an ocular disease caused by the shadow of blood vessels in the retina of the eye. 

angiogenesis

Term: angiogenesis

Literally meaning: “production of new vessels”

Origin: Anc Greek

αγγείο/aggio (=vessel, receptacle) >  άγγος/aggos(=tube)

+γένεσις/genesis(=origin) > γεννώ/geno(= “to produce”, “to give birth to”, “to create”)

Coined/History

The term angiogenesis was coined by Arthur T. Hertig in 1935 to describe the formation of new blood vessels in the placenta.

Source

Hertig AT. Angiogenesis in the early human chorion and in the primary placenta of the macaque monkey. Contr Embryol Carnegie Inst. 1935;25:37–81.

Definition

Angiogenesis is the process of new vessels formation from pro-existing vessels  induced by angiogenic factors.  Angiogenesis is opposite to angiostasis (normal regulation of blood vessels) and includes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Vasculogenesis includes de-novo formation of new vessels. 

angiostasis

Term: angiostasis

Literally meaning: “standing of vessels”

Origin: Anc Greek

αγγείο/angio (=vessel, receptacle) >  άγγος/aggos(=tube)

+ίστημι/histimi(=stand) >στάσις/stasis(=halt)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Angiostasis is the state of normal regulation of blood vessels.  The opposite state of angiostasis is angiogenesis in which new blood vessels are generated such as in tumor growth.