cephalalgia

Term: cephalalgia

Literally meaning: “headache”

Origin: Anc Greek

κεφαλήν/cephalin(=head)

+άλγος/algos(=ache, pain) > λοιγός/loigos(=pain, sorrow)

Coined/History

Definition

Cephalalgia is the symptom of a moderate usually  pain in the head.

arthrodesis

Term: arthrodesis

Literally meaning: “joint binding”

Origin: Anc Greek

άρθρον/arthron(=used as composing form pertaining to the joints eg Arhtropoda, arthritis etc)

+δέσις(desis)= binding> δέειν(dein)= to bind

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Arthrodesis  is the surgical and artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones.

ectopic

Term: ectopic

Literally meaning: “away  from a place”

Origin: Anc Greek

εκ-/ek-(=out) + τόπος/topos(=place)

Coined/History

Definition

Ectopic is related to that located out of place, as of an organ, or of a pregnancy, which occurs outside the uterus.

metrotome

Term: metrotome

Literally meaning: “insicion of uterus”

Origin: Anc Greek

compining form

μήτρα/metra(=uterus) > μήτηρ/meter (mother)

+τομή/tome(=section, slice, trunk, stalk) >τέμνω/temno(=cut) 

Coined/History

 (?)

Definition

Metronome is an instrument for cutting the uterus. 

cardiogenic

Term: cardiogenic

Literally meaning: “derived from heart”

Origin: Anc Greek

καρδία /kardia (=heart)

which derived according Meletios (7th-8th cen AD) probably from verb κραδαίνω/kradeno (=rattle, rock)

+γεννώ/geno(= “produce”, “give birth to”, “create”) >γένεσις/genesis(=origin)

Coined/History

?

Definition

Cardiogenic is any state or situation having its origin or cause in the heart.  

iridectomy

Term:  iridectomy

 Literally meaning: “incision of iris”

Origin: Anc Greek

=ίρις/iris(=rainbow) > gen ίριδος/iridos 

+ τομή/tome(=section, slice, trunk, stalk) >τέμνω/temno(=cut) 

Coined/History

Iris was the Greek  goddess of the rainbow giving her name to the eye’s iris due to its many colours. The procedure of iredectomy was discovered in 1856 by German physician Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870)  as an effective surgical method for acute glaucoma treatment.   

Definition

Iridectomy is the surgical removal of part of the iris (coloured circular membrane behind the cornea). An iridectomy is most often performed to treat closed-angle glaucoma or melanoma of the iris. 

isotonic

Term: isotonic

Literally meaning: “having equal tension”

Origin: Anc Greek

ίσος/isos(=equal) comping form ισο-/iso- eg isomer, isopod

+τόνος/tonos (=the normal state of elastic tension or partial contraction in resting muscles) > τανύω/taneo(=strain)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

1. Isosmotic.

2. Having the same concentration of solutes as the blood: an isotonic saline solution.

iso-

Greek  ίσος/isos (=equal) 

 combining form ισο-/iso- eg isomer, isopod

-istic

Greek -ιστικός/-istikos (=-istic)  

adjectival suffix formed from nouns ending in -ist such as communist, idealist and having reference to such nouns, or to associated nouns in  -ism such as communism, idealism. In Greek language the suffix means part of the value of the stem word (e.g. ρεαλιστής/realist > ρεαλιστικός/realistic),or or forms nouns showing words quality.  

optometry

Term: optometry

Literally meaning:  “measure of vision”

Origin: Anc Greek

/ωψ/ops(=face, look, vision)

μέτρον/metron (=meausure)

Coined/History

It is suggested that the first spectacles were appeared in Italy during 13^th cen. The first book about eye anatomy and glass lenses for improving vision authored in 1623 by Benito Daza de Valdes (1591-ca.1636) leading to invention of bifocal in 1760. Finally in 1886 the term “optometry” was introduced by Swiss ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt (1846-1926) who had reffered to “filter of glasses”. 

Sources

Hofstetter HW. Erratum in Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1988 Jul;65(7): preceding 519.

m J Optom Physiol Opt. 1988 May;65(5):354-7. Optometry of Daza de Valdes (1591-ca. 1636).

Definition

Optometry is the professional practise of  examination of the eyes and vision abilities  The result of this study is the creation of optical instruments that benefit individual’s vision. 

onychomycosis

Term: onychomycosis

Literally meaning: “process to fungal nails”

Origin: Anc Greek

/ïνυξ/onix(=nail) > (gen) όνυχος/onychos

μύκης /mykes (=mushroom)

-οσις/-osis (=suffix meaning “condition” or “state”)

Coined/History

In 1853 George Meissner discovered hyphae in a potassium Hydroxide preparation of “a thick finger nail” taken from 80 year old man. In 1856 German physician Rudolf Virchow (1821-1905)  coined the term “onychomycosis”.

Definition

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails which is characterized by pain, discomfort, and disfigurement. Tinea unguim is clinically defined as dermatophytic infection of the nail plate. 

holism

Term: holism

Literally meaning: “the idea of whole”

Origin: Anc Greek

ὅλος/holos(=whole, all, entire)

+ισμός/-ismos(=ism denoting “an action”, “state”, “tendency”)

Coined/History

The noun “holism” was coined by the South African statesman and philosopher Jan Smuts (1870-1950) in his book, Holism and Evolytion. Smuts defined holism as “The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the pats through creative evolution”.

Source

Jan C. Smuts, 1926 Holism and Evolution MacMillan, Compass/Viking Press 1961, reprinted Sierra Sunrise 1999 (milly edited) ISBN1-887263-14-4

Definition

Holistic is any system which is considered as whole and not in separate parts  such as holistic health in which includes any mental physical empotional and spiritual aspects. 

holistic

Term: holistic

Literally meaning: “entire”

Origin: Anc Greek

ὅλος/holos(=whole, all, entire)

+(-ιστικός)/(-istikos)(=adjectival suffix)

Coined/History

The noun “holism” was coined by the South African statesman Jan Smuts in his book, Holism and Evolution. Smuts defined holism as “The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the pats through creative evolution”.

Source

Jan C. Smuts, 1926 Holism and Evolution MacMillan, Compass/Viking Press 1961, reprinted Sierra Sunrise 1999 (milly edited) ISBN1-887263-14-4

Definition

Holistic is any system which is considered as whole and not in separate parts  such as holistic health in which includes any mental physical emotional and spiritual aspects. 

hypnotherapy

Term: hypnotherapy

Literally meaning: “therapy via sleeping”

Origin: Anc Greek

õπνος /hypnos(=sleep)

θεραπεία/therapeia(=healing, attend, do service) 

>θρέφω/threpho(=nurse, feed, nourishes)

Coined/History

The best source of reference to hypnosis came from ancient Egypt (3^rd cen). The Demotic Magical Papyrus which was discovered in the 19^th cen in Thebes gives information about preparation of a lamp in order to be used in a ritual.

In the eighteen cen the Austrian phycisian Franz Anton Mesmer (1733-1815)  claimed that he could heal people without conventionasl medicine via gis megnetic force which could regulate the magnetic fluids in sick people. This method of healing was known as Mesmerism.

In 1841 Scottish surgeon James Braid, adopted the terms of “hypnosis” and  “hypnotism. He believed that  mesmerism “is a nervous sleep”.

The modern study of hypnosis is begun in the 1930s with Clark Leonard (1884-1952) and hi work “ Hypnosis and Suggestibility” in 1933.

Definition

Hypnotherapy is a therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.

uro-

Term: uro-  and combining form for urine

Origin: Anc Greek 

ούρον/ouron(=urine)>latin urina

< ορός <o+ροή (=flow)

Runon derivatives :

Urocele, urocyst, urolith, urology, uropathy, urorrhea, uroscopy, urogenital, urobilin

amalgalm

Term: amalgalm

Literally meaning: “softening substance”

Origin: Anc Greek

μάλαγμα/malagma (=soft  substance) > μαλάσσω/malasso(=to soften)

Coined/History

The use of the term  originally was referred to soft masses due to chemical manipulation.

Definition

Amalgalm is any of various alloys of mercury with other metals especially one used for  dental fillings.

anastomosis

Term: anastomosis

Literally meaning: “communicating opening”

Origin: Anc Greek

ανά- /ana-(=combining form meaning upon, throughout)

+ στόμα/stoma (=mouth)  >τομή/tome(=cutting, incision)

+ (-ωσις)/(-osis )(=suffix denoting “process” or “state”)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Anastomosis is a surgical connection between parts and especially hollow tubular parts like blood vessels or distal parts of intestine.  

hypoplasia

Term: hypoplasia

Literally meaning: “underdevelopment”

Origin: Anc Greek

υπό-/hypo- (prefix meaning "under", "beneath", "less", “diminished”)

+πλάσις/plasis(=formation) πλάσσω/plasso(=to create, to form, to mold)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Hypoplasia is the underdevelopment resulting from an abnormal paucity of cells in tissue or organ.

osteochondroma

Term: osteochondroma

Literally meaning: “growth of bones and cartllage”

Origin: Anc Greek

'ïστο[õν/ostoun(=bone)

+χόνδρος/chondros (=thick, coarse salt,  soft bone, cartilages in the region between the ribs and navel)

+(-ωμα)/(-oma)=suffix denoting state or condition of mass growth

Coined/History

In 1891, Orlow coined the term 'exostosis bursata' to describe bursae developing between osteochondromas and surrounding soft tissues

Definition:

Osteochondroma is a benign tumour of that occurs predominantly in metaphyseal regions of the long tubular bones.  Osteochondroma happens when exostosis (outgrowth bone) is capped with cartilage and can be solitary or multiple, sessile or pedunculated.

exostosis

Term: exostosis

Literally meaning: “outgrowth of a bone”

Origin: Anc Greek

έξω>εξ/exo>(before vowels ex-)(=outside)

'ïστο[õν/ostoun(=bone)

Coined/History

In 1891, Orlow coined the term 'exostosis bursata' to describe bursae developing between osteochondromas and surrounding soft tissues

Sources

Definition:

Exostosis is the formation of an abnormal bony growth on the surface of bone or teeth. Where exostoses are capped with cartilage, they are termed osteochondromas.