myopathy

Term: myopathy

Literally meaning: “suffering of  muscles”

Origin: Anc Greek

μυο-/myo-(=comping form meaning muscle) > μυς/mys/ (=muscle) > μύω/myo(=enclosed like the muscle inside body or rat in its nest=epimys)

+–πάθεια/patheia (-pathy, suffix denoting “suffering”) > πάθος( masculine gender)  / pathos (=passion, sorrow, strong emotion) πάσχω/pascho(=to be affected by, to suffer).

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Any of various abnormal conditions of the muscular tissues, especially one involving skeletal muscle which is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. 

balanitis

Term: balanitis

Literally meaning: “inflammation of acorn”

Origin: Anc Greek

βάλανος/ balanos(=acorn)

 +(-ίτις)/-ιτις (=-itis, suffix meaning “pertaining to” or “inflammation”.) It is in feminine gender because it was used with feminine noun η νόσος/ e nosos /(=disease)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Balanitis is the inflammation of the glans penis which is characterized by irritation, soreness and red skin around the penis.  

blepharoplast

Term: blepharoplast

Literally meaning: “formation of eyelid”

Origin: Anc Greek

βλέπω/vlepo (=see) > βλέφαρον/vlepharon(=eyelid)

πλάστης/plastis (=one who molds) > πλάσσειν/plassein(=to create, to form, to mold)

Coined/History

Definition

Blepharoplast is an organelle found in certain flagellated protozoans and Algae.  It is the basal body which consists of a small amount of chromatin and parallel peripheral rods connected to  the filaments  of  flagella.

cephalalgia

Term: cephalalgia

Literally meaning: “headache”

Origin: Anc Greek

κεφαλήν/cephalin(=head)

+άλγος/algos(=ache, pain) > λοιγός/loigos(=pain, sorrow)

Coined/History

Definition

Cephalalgia is the symptom of a moderate usually  pain in the head.

iridectomy

Term:  iridectomy

 Literally meaning: “incision of iris”

Origin: Anc Greek

=ίρις/iris(=rainbow) > gen ίριδος/iridos 

+ τομή/tome(=section, slice, trunk, stalk) >τέμνω/temno(=cut) 

Coined/History

Iris was the Greek  goddess of the rainbow giving her name to the eye’s iris due to its many colours. The procedure of iredectomy was discovered in 1856 by German physician Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870)  as an effective surgical method for acute glaucoma treatment.   

Definition

Iridectomy is the surgical removal of part of the iris (coloured circular membrane behind the cornea). An iridectomy is most often performed to treat closed-angle glaucoma or melanoma of the iris. 

panacea

Term: panacea

Literally meaning : “cure all”  or  “all healing”

Origin Anc Greek

πανάκεια/panacea(=panacea)

>  π[áν/pan(=all) + /áκος/acos (= therapy)

Coined/History

Panacea Helping the Sick.
by the Veronese physician J. Gazola
(1716) 

 In Greek mythology, Panacea, was a goddess of Universal remedy. She was the daughter of Asclepius (god of healing and medicine)  and Epione. Panacea wit her sisters Iaso  (goddess of recovery) and Hygeia (goddess of welfare and prevention of disease) helped the sick and diseased people. The concept of panacea came from her way of healing through potions or poultices.

Definition

Panacea is a remedy  for all ills or difficulties 

isotonic

Term: isotonic

Literally meaning: “having equal tension”

Origin: Anc Greek

ίσος/isos(=equal) comping form ισο-/iso- eg isomer, isopod

+τόνος/tonos (=the normal state of elastic tension or partial contraction in resting muscles) > τανύω/taneo(=strain)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

1. Isosmotic.

2. Having the same concentration of solutes as the blood: an isotonic saline solution.

iso-

Greek  ίσος/isos (=equal) 

 combining form ισο-/iso- eg isomer, isopod

Eumetazoans (Eumetazoa)

Term: Eumetazoans (misspelling of Eumetazoa)

Literally meaning: “well defined after animals”

Origin/Etymology: Anc Greek

εὖ / eu-(=prefix meaning "well”, “good”, “easy”, “right”)

μετά/meta(after, next to)

ζώα/zoa(=plural of  “ζώον”/zoon=a live thing, animal)

Coined/History

The term of eumetazoans was coined in accordance with the term "Protozoa",  precursors of Metazoa

Definition

(zoology): Eumetazoans is the clade, or subkingdom of all multicellular animals which are characterised by having cells differentiated into tissues and organs  and an embryo that goes through a gastula stage. All animals except for sponges and  placozoa (marine invertebrates) are classified as Eumetazoans. Although the term "Eumetazoans" is most frequently used for this group of organisms, in general the term "Metazoans" is used to describe the kingdom of Animalia as a whole.  

-istic

Greek -ιστικός/-istikos (=-istic)  

adjectival suffix formed from nouns ending in -ist such as communist, idealist and having reference to such nouns, or to associated nouns in  -ism such as communism, idealism. In Greek language the suffix means part of the value of the stem word (e.g. ρεαλιστής/realist > ρεαλιστικός/realistic),or or forms nouns showing words quality.  

optometry

Term: optometry

Literally meaning:  “measure of vision”

Origin: Anc Greek

/ωψ/ops(=face, look, vision)

μέτρον/metron (=meausure)

Coined/History

It is suggested that the first spectacles were appeared in Italy during 13^th cen. The first book about eye anatomy and glass lenses for improving vision authored in 1623 by Benito Daza de Valdes (1591-ca.1636) leading to invention of bifocal in 1760. Finally in 1886 the term “optometry” was introduced by Swiss ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt (1846-1926) who had reffered to “filter of glasses”. 

Sources

Hofstetter HW. Erratum in Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1988 Jul;65(7): preceding 519.

m J Optom Physiol Opt. 1988 May;65(5):354-7. Optometry of Daza de Valdes (1591-ca. 1636).

Definition

Optometry is the professional practise of  examination of the eyes and vision abilities  The result of this study is the creation of optical instruments that benefit individual’s vision. 

onychomycosis

Term: onychomycosis

Literally meaning: “process to fungal nails”

Origin: Anc Greek

/ïνυξ/onix(=nail) > (gen) όνυχος/onychos

μύκης /mykes (=mushroom)

-οσις/-osis (=suffix meaning “condition” or “state”)

Coined/History

In 1853 George Meissner discovered hyphae in a potassium Hydroxide preparation of “a thick finger nail” taken from 80 year old man. In 1856 German physician Rudolf Virchow (1821-1905)  coined the term “onychomycosis”.

Definition

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails which is characterized by pain, discomfort, and disfigurement. Tinea unguim is clinically defined as dermatophytic infection of the nail plate. 

holism

Term: holism

Literally meaning: “the idea of whole”

Origin: Anc Greek

ὅλος/holos(=whole, all, entire)

+ισμός/-ismos(=ism denoting “an action”, “state”, “tendency”)

Coined/History

The noun “holism” was coined by the South African statesman and philosopher Jan Smuts (1870-1950) in his book, Holism and Evolytion. Smuts defined holism as “The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the pats through creative evolution”.

Source

Jan C. Smuts, 1926 Holism and Evolution MacMillan, Compass/Viking Press 1961, reprinted Sierra Sunrise 1999 (milly edited) ISBN1-887263-14-4

Definition

Holistic is any system which is considered as whole and not in separate parts  such as holistic health in which includes any mental physical empotional and spiritual aspects. 

holistic

Term: holistic

Literally meaning: “entire”

Origin: Anc Greek

ὅλος/holos(=whole, all, entire)

+(-ιστικός)/(-istikos)(=adjectival suffix)

Coined/History

The noun “holism” was coined by the South African statesman Jan Smuts in his book, Holism and Evolution. Smuts defined holism as “The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the pats through creative evolution”.

Source

Jan C. Smuts, 1926 Holism and Evolution MacMillan, Compass/Viking Press 1961, reprinted Sierra Sunrise 1999 (milly edited) ISBN1-887263-14-4

Definition

Holistic is any system which is considered as whole and not in separate parts  such as holistic health in which includes any mental physical emotional and spiritual aspects. 

hypnotherapy

Term: hypnotherapy

Literally meaning: “therapy via sleeping”

Origin: Anc Greek

õπνος /hypnos(=sleep)

θεραπεία/therapeia(=healing, attend, do service) 

>θρέφω/threpho(=nurse, feed, nourishes)

Coined/History

The best source of reference to hypnosis came from ancient Egypt (3^rd cen). The Demotic Magical Papyrus which was discovered in the 19^th cen in Thebes gives information about preparation of a lamp in order to be used in a ritual.

In the eighteen cen the Austrian phycisian Franz Anton Mesmer (1733-1815)  claimed that he could heal people without conventionasl medicine via gis megnetic force which could regulate the magnetic fluids in sick people. This method of healing was known as Mesmerism.

In 1841 Scottish surgeon James Braid, adopted the terms of “hypnosis” and  “hypnotism. He believed that  mesmerism “is a nervous sleep”.

The modern study of hypnosis is begun in the 1930s with Clark Leonard (1884-1952) and hi work “ Hypnosis and Suggestibility” in 1933.

Definition

Hypnotherapy is a therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.

hypnosis

Term: hypnosis

Literally meaning: “sleeping process”

Origin: Anc Greek

?õπνος/hypnos(=sleep)

+ (-ωσις)/(-osis )(=suffix denoting “process” or “state”)

Coined/History

The best source of reference to hypnosis came from ancient Egypt (3^rd cen). The Demotic Magical Papyrus which was discovered in the 19^th cen in Thebes gives information about preparation of a lamp in order to be used in a ritual.

In the eighteen cen the Austrian physician Franz Anton Mesmer (1733-1815)  claimed that he could heal people without conventional medicine via his magnetic force which could regulate the magnetic fluids in sick people. This method of healing was known as Mesmerism.

In 1841 Scottish surgeon James Braid, adopted the terms of “hypnosis” and  “hypnotism. He believed that  mesmerism “is a nervous sleep”.

The modern study of hypnosis is begun in the 1930s with Clark Leonard (1884-1952) and hi work “ Hypnosis and Suggestibility” in 1933.

Definition

Hypnosis is a sleep-like trance state with a heightened focus and concentration under instructions of a therapist. 

uro-

Term: uro-  and combining form for urine

Origin: Anc Greek 

ούρον/ouron(=urine)>latin urina

< ορός <o+ροή (=flow)

Runon derivatives :

Urocele, urocyst, urolith, urology, uropathy, urorrhea, uroscopy, urogenital, urobilin

amalgalm

Term: amalgalm

Literally meaning: “softening substance”

Origin: Anc Greek

μάλαγμα/malagma (=soft  substance) > μαλάσσω/malasso(=to soften)

Coined/History

The use of the term  originally was referred to soft masses due to chemical manipulation.

Definition

Amalgalm is any of various alloys of mercury with other metals especially one used for  dental fillings.

anastomosis

Term: anastomosis

Literally meaning: “communicating opening”

Origin: Anc Greek

ανά- /ana-(=combining form meaning upon, throughout)

+ στόμα/stoma (=mouth)  >τομή/tome(=cutting, incision)

+ (-ωσις)/(-osis )(=suffix denoting “process” or “state”)

Coined/History

(?)

Definition

Anastomosis is a surgical connection between parts and especially hollow tubular parts like blood vessels or distal parts of intestine.